Avogadro, Amedeo (1776–1856)
Italian physicist and chemist who first realized that gaseous elements might exist as molecules which contain more than one atom, thus distinguishing molecules from atoms. In 1811 he published the hypothesis (now known as Avagadro's law) – that equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules – but his work in this area was ignored by chemists for 50 years. The Avogadro constant, or Avogadro number, N, is the number of molecules in one mole of a substance.
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