Comet Arend-Roland (C/1956 R1) is a long-period comet discovered in November 1956, by Belgian astronomers Silvain Arend (1902–1992) and Georges Roland (1922–1991). It reached perihelion (0.32 astronomical units) on 8 April 1957, passed within 0.57 AU of Earth on 21 April, and reached a maximum brightness of magnitude –1.

Comet Arend-Roland developed a tail up to 30° long in photographs and a prominent spike-like antitail. Its orbit was hyperbolic (eccentricity 1.0002) with an inclination of 119.9°.