An incubator is an enclosed cot in which a baby, particularly if premature, is placed to create an ideal protective and controllable environment. Temperature is regulated thermostatically and the possibility of infection is minimized; the air in the incubator may be enriched with controlled amounts of oxygen. Nursing is carried out through portholes. The use of incubators has been significant in reducing mortality in premature infants.

Another type of incubator is used for incubating microorganisms.