Fleming, Alexander (1881–1955)
British bacteriologist who discovered lysozyme (1922) and penicillin. Lysozyme is an enzyme present in many body tissues and lethal to certain bacteria; its discovery prepared the way for that of antibiotics. Fleming's discovery of penicillin was largely accidental; and it was developed as therapeutic later, by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain. All three received the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their work.
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• BIOLOGISTS
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