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    PHILOSOPHY AND PHILOSOPHERS

       • a priori
       • absolute
       • absolute space and time
       • acosmism
       • Adams, John (1735–1826)
       • Addison, Joseph (1672–1719)
       • Albertus Magnus (1193–1280)
       • Alembert, Jean Le Rond d' (1717–1783)
       • analogy, argument from
       • Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c.500–c.428 BC)
       • Anaximander of Miletus (c.610–c.540 BC)
       • Anaximenes of Miletus (c.585–525 BC)
       • ancient philosophy, related to the possibility of extraterrestrial life
       • animism
       • Aquinas, Thomas (1225–1274)
       • Aristotle of Stagira (384–322 BC)
       • associationism
       • Averroës (1126–1198)
       • axiom
       • axiomatic method

       • Bacon, Francis (1561–1626)
       • Bacon, Roger (c.1214–c.1292)
       • Baker, Thomas (1656–1740)
       • Balzac, Honoré de (1799–1850)
       • Barnes, Ernest William (1874–1953)
       • Beattie, James (1735–1803)
       • Beck, Lewis White (1913–1997)
       • Bentley, Richard (1662–1727)
       • Bergson, Henri (1859–1941)
       • Berkeley, George (1685–1753)
       • Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, Jacques Henri (1737–1814)
       • Bohm, David Joseph (1917–1992)
       • Bolingbroke, Henry St. John (1678–1751)
       • Bonnet, Charles (1720–1793)
       • Borel, Pierre (c.1620–1671)
       • Borges, Jorge Luis (1899–1986)
       • Boscovich, Roger Joseph (1711–1787)
       • Brewster, David (1781–1868)
       • Bridgman, Percy Williams (1882–1961)
       • Büchner, Ludwig (1824–1899)
       • Buridan, Jean (c.1295–1358)

       • Cambridge Platonists
       • Campanella, Tommaso (1568–1634)
       • Carnap, Rudolf (1891–1970)
       • category
       • causality
       • chain of being, great
       • Chalmers, Thomas (1780–1847)
       • Christian doctrines and pluralism
       • collective unconscious
       • common sense school
       • Comte, Auguste (1798–1857)
       • conceptualism
       • Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de (1715–1780)
       • Coyne, George V.

       • de Concilio, Januarius (1836–1898)
       • deism
       • Democritus of Abdera (c.470–400 BC)
       • Derham, William (1657–1735)
       • Descartes, René (1596–1650)
       • Design Argument
       • determinism
       • Dewey, John (1859–1952)
       • Dick, Thomas (1774–1857)
       • Diderot, Denis (1713–1784)
       • dualism
       • du Prel, Carl Freiherr (1839–1899)

       • Empedocles (c. 490–430 BC)
       • empiricism
       • Enlightenment, The
       • Epicurus (341–270 BC)
       • epistemology
       • essence

       • Fontanelle, Bernard le Bovier de (1657–1757)
       • free will
       • Frege, Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob (1848–1925)

       • Gettier problem
       • God
       • Great Monad

       • Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831)
       • Heraclitus (c.540–c.480 BC)
       • Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679)
       • Holbach, Paul Henri Dietrich (1723–1789)
       • holism
       • Hutton, Richard Holt (1826–1897)
       • Hume, David (1711–1776)

       • idealism
       • incarnation and redemption
       • infinity
       • instrumentalism

       • James, William (1842–1910)
       • Jefferson, Thomas (1743–1826)

       • Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804)

       • Leucippus (5th century BC)
       • Locke, John (1632–1704)
       • logic
       • logical positivism
       • Lucretius (c. 99–55 BC)

       • Mascall, Eric Lionel (1905–1993)
       • materialism
       • medieval philosophy, related to the possibility of extraterrestrial life
       • Metrodorus of Chios (fourth century BC)
       • microscope argument
       • Mill, John Stuart (1806–1873)
       • mind
       • monism
       • Mormonism

       • natural theology
       • Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464)
       • nominalism
       • nothing

       • Ockham (Occam), William of (c.1280–1347)

       • Paine, Thomas (1737–1809)
       • Parmenides (fl. c.475 BC)
       • Platonism
       • plenitude, principle of
       • pluralism
       • Plutarch (c.AD 46–120)
       • positivism
       • pragmatism
       • pre-Socratic philosophy
       • process philosophy
       • Proclus Diadochus (c.AD 410–485)

       • rationalism
       • realism
       • reductionism
       • Reynaud, Jean (1806–1863)
       • Russell, Bertrand Arthur William (1872–1970)

       • skepticism
       • solipsism
       • Spencer, Herbert (1820–1903)
       • Socrates (c.469–399 BC)
       • Spinoza, Baruch (1632–1677)
       • Swedenborg, Emanuel (1688–1772)

       • Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre (1881–1955)
       • teleology
       • Teng Mu
       • Theophrastus (c.370–c.285 BC)
       • transmigration of souls

       • universal
       • Ussher, James (1581–1656)

       • vitalism
       • Vorilong, William (d. 1463)

       • Whewell, William (1794–1866)
       • Whitehead, Alfred North (1861–1947)

       • Xenophanes (c.570–475 BC)

       • Zeno of Elea (c.450 BC)





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    Encyclopedia of History
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